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Wellness Foods & Supplements 1/2021

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  • Elderberry
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  • Immune

Active ingredients for

Active ingredients for immune support symptom severity, fever, headaches, muscle aches, nasal congestion and nasal mucus discharge already after only two days‘ use [12]. While the latter studies investigated the direct interactions of the elderberry extract and the virus, it is also important to employ living immune cells to get a better understanding of underlying immunological mechanisms of the extract. Thus, another set of experiments on the immune-modulatory properties of the proprietary elderberry extract was evaluated with different ex-vivo assays. Basically, blood immune cells of healthy donors (N=10) were triggered by various defined stimulants in well-established experiments to release mediator molecules (cytokines), which can be determined and give information about an immune response. eldosamb ® proved to exhibit inhibitory effects on the monocytic level by LPS-induced TNF-α release. In addition, with further tests, it was found that elderberry acts mainly as anti-inflammatory through reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and gamma-interferon (IFNγ). Furthermore, the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was stimu lated, resulting in a significant shift of IFNγ/IL-10 ratio. IL-10 exerts important regulatory functions in the immune system by controlling excessive inflammatory processes and thus may mitigate a cytokine storm. Such ex-vivo experiments are well suited to characterize the potential of natural products [15]. Altogether, S. nigra extracts do not seem to act as direct immunostimulant but immunomodulator through immune cell activation. However, in situations of acute infection, eldosamb ® exerts good immune modulating properties, counteracting inflammatory immune reaction by decrease of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IFN-γ and increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. Furthermore, it stimulates the humoral immune response [16]. This outcome supports the opinion of many authors, that a cytokine storm caused by elderberry preparations is rather unlikely [10]. This is a crucial safety aspect, still controversially discussed in the scientific community. Another important point regarding the safety of elderberry products is that fruits are only safe to consume when ripe, cooked or dried. In these conditions, possibly harmful constituents of unripe elderberries (cyanogenic glycosides and lectins) are diminished to a low and safe level. Summary All in all, with consideration of Anklam Extrakt’s in-vitro/ex-vivo data and the latest systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the preclini cal and human trials, it can be concluded that high-quality elderberry preparations can exert significant antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The findings show, that S. nigra extracts seem to act as immunomodulator through immune cell activation, and in situations of acute infection, eldosamb ® exerts good immune modulating properties, counteracting inflammatory immune reaction by decrease of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IFN-γ and increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. A reduction of virus loads upon reaction with elderberry constituents is imaginable. Therefore, the antho cyanin-rich, sustainably sourced extract eldosamb ® , which is produced under highest GMP conditions, is a perfect fit for an immune health product. References [1] Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother. 2020, 820-826. [2] Brendler T, Al-Harrasi A, Bauer R, et al. Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of COVID-19: Implications for research and clinical practice. Phytotherapy Research. 2020, 1–19. [3] Bhuiyan FR, Howlader S, Raihan T, Hasan M. Plants Metabolites: Possibility of Natural Therapeutics Against the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Med. 2020, 444. [4] Krawiec S. see https://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/view/how-elderberry-became-animmune-health-superstar-last-year-2021-ingredient-trends-to-watch-for-food-drinksand-dietary-supplements. Online February 12, 2021. [5] Porter RS, Bode RF. A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products. Phytother Res. 2017, 533-554. [6] European Medicines Agency. Assessment report on Sambucus nigra L., fructus. EMA/ HMPC/44208/2012. [7] Ulbricht C, Basch E, Cheung L, et al. An evidence-based systematic review of elderberry and elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl. 2014, 80–120. [8] Harnett J, Oakes K, Carè J, et al. The effects of Sambucus nigra berry on acute respiratory viral infections: A rapid review of clinical studies. Adv Integr Med. 2020, 240-246. [9] Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019, 361-365. [10] Wermig-Morgan JH. Elderberry is anti-bacterial, anti-viral and modulates the immune system: anti-bacterial, anti-viral and immunomodulatory non-clinical (in-vitro) effects of elderberry fruit and flowers (Sambucus nigra): a systematic review. MSc thesis at Univ. of Oxford, UK 2018, reedited with additions in 2020, updated for SARS-CoV-2 the virus which causes Covid-19. [11] Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Elderberry supplementation reduces cold duration and symptoms in air-travellers: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrients 2016, e182. [12] Kong F. Pilot clinical study on a proprietary elderberry extract: efficacy in addressing influenza symptoms, Online J. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinetics. 2009, 32–43. [13] Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T, Wadstein J. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res. 2004, 132–140. [14] Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M, et al. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B. J Altern Complement Med. 1995, 361–369. [15] Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Berghe DV, Maes L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 290-302. [16] More details about the own in-vitro data on file with Anklam Extrakt GmbH. For more information, please contact Franziska Herbst Teamleader Marketing Anklam Extrakt GmbH franziska.herbst@anklam-extrakt.com www.anklam-extrakt.com 16 No. 1 April/May 2021

Probiotics for healthy mind and body How will you take care of your new self this year? A healthy mind in a healthy body is a widely used mantra, now even more relevant than ever before. Since 2020, consumers’ behaviour has evolved: 64 % are now more conscious about their immunity and 43 % about their mental well-being (FMCG Gurus). People are very aware of the importance of putting both physical and mental health on an equal footing. But where to start? Guidelines for physical health are well known: exercising, healthy eating, good hygiene and now, social distancing. Then, to help reach psychological well-being, yoga, mindfulness meditation and a balanced lifestyle are tools to keep in mind. In parallel, there are some ways to proactively reinforce natural defenses and mental health. The use of food supplements will help fulfill both physical and psychological gaps. Probiotics will bring additional assistance to keep the right balance. Beyond gut health support, probiotics have been abundantly studied and have shown significant results in strengthened immunity, and more recently in mental health areas. How can probiotics multitask to that extent? Everything connects to the gut, and this is where the magic happens. Actually, not magic, but science! The immune system The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest immune network in the body. In fact, 70 % of the immune system resides in the gut. The immune system’s main function is to protect the body by ensuring that any ‘non-self’ antigens are cleared from the body; this is done by the immune system recognizing itself and other common environmental antigens (food, airborne substances, clothing, etc.) as ‘self’ and not a threat. In a perfect world, the immune system performs these two roles perfectly; this is homeostasis, or a healthy state. A proper balance is needed, an over aggressive immune system is not beneficial and counterproductive, and an under aggressive immune system is weak. No. 1 April/May 2021 17

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