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Wellness Foods & Supplements 1/2020

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Wellness Foods & Supplements is the first European magazine devoted exclusively to health ingredients, nutraceutical foods and beverages.

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Antioxidants Photo © : Pexels The powerhouse of the body Examining the far-reaching benefits of healthy mitochondria and how to support these power centers Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, are vital to cell survival. Present in nearly all types of human cells, they generate the majority of the body’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecular unit of currency that powers metabolic processes. Mitochondria do much more than just produce energy. They also produce chemicals that that body needs for other purposes, break down waste products so they’re less harmful, and recycle some of those waste products to save energy. Cell function is not always the first line of thought for nutritional supplement seekers, because many are not educated on the subject and it can be challenging to notice a subjective boost in mitochondrial function. However, the science is clear that healthy mitochondria play a role in supporting important indicators of cognition, physical performance and aging. Mitochondrial decline Cells have herds of mitochondria, which divide like bacteria in a process known as mitochondrial biogenesis. A healthy rate of mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for maintaining healthy mitochondria, and therefore cells, with age. When damaged, some mitochondria are removed, a function of cell activity known as mitophagy. This quality-maintenance mechanism that facilitates the removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell is particularly important to forestalling aging and keeping cells healthy. Dysfunctional regulation of mitochondrial processes contributes to oxidative stress and cell death during the aging process. With advancing age, a cell’s mitochondria may become damaged and can cause significant harm. The capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis also diminishes with age, which is an important parameter in the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging (Fannin et al., 1999; Sugiyama et al., 1993). Further research has found that the decline in mitochondrial turnover caused by reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and inefficient mitochondrial degradation seems to be a particularly crucial factor in the aging process (Terman et al., 2010). 32 No. 1 April/May 2020 Wellness Foods & Supplements

Antioxidants Repairing mitochondrial damage There are a number of measures people can take to realize higher levels of cell performance. Exercise of all types produces energy and can boost mitochondrial function, but high intensity interval training (HIIT) – a strategy of alternating short bursts of exercise with short periods of rest – has proven especially advantageous (Menshikova et al., 2006). Other habits that have shown promise in supporting mitochondria include a high fat and low-carb, low-protein ketogenic diet and minding sleep hygiene, which means taking measures to ensure better quality sleep like avoiding cell phone use before bed. Complementing a healthy lifestyle with nutritional supplements that have been proven to enhance mitochondrial function can energize cells and protect them from damage. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical as MGCPQQ ® , a redox-active o-quinone found in various foods and mammalian tissues, has received an increasing amount of attention because of a number of health benefits that can be attributed to its ability to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis (Chowanadisai et al., 2010). Dietary MGCPQQ ® supplementation has been revealed to enhance mitochondrial function and biogenesis and improve metabolic homeostasis in mice and rats, and its function and efficacy has been studied in double-blinded human clinical trials. The ingredient increases the NAD+/NADH ratio, promoting the conversion of lactic acid into pyruvic acid to activate mitochondria. It also induces deacetylation of PGC1-α, enhancing the biogenesis of mitochondria. In fact, intake of 20 mg of MGCPQQ ® resulted in the increase of mitochondria by 30 %, as well as increases of NAD+/NADH ratio and the ATP level in the cell. (Akagawa et al., 2016; Saihara et al., 2017). What healthy mitochondria means for the body That mitochondrial function declines with age, and that properly functioning mitochondria are crucial for longevity are irrefutable facts. Strategies directed at improving mitochondrial quality and function can have far-reaching health benefits, including improved sleep, vitality and cognitive functions. Lipoid GmbH | info@lipoid.com | www.lipoid.com PhytoSolve ® C – Unleashing Vitamin C’s Full Potential with Natural Phospholipids • With phospholipids for optimized absorption • Pleasant taste & smooth mouthfeel • Can be applied in various forms and mixed with aqueous dietetic products We Invest in Quality.

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