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1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 12.01.2021 SAM 4.0 / 4 Automatic 7.94 bar 13.01.2021 13:54:49 EN 2 Station Status Compressors C1 Power Volumetric flow rate 116.04 16.69 kW m³/min Messages C1 - ASD 60 SFC Monitoring C2 - ASD 35 C2 D1 F1 Energy & Costs C3 - ASD 60 DHS1 Maintenance C4 - ASD 60 Dryer D1 - TF 174 D2 - TF 174 Filter F1 - F184KE F2 - F184KE C3 C4 D2 F2 CT1 R1 100% Control Time Control Initial Start-up Confi guration Next Generation Status - Station Contact i SAM 4.0 / 4 Mode manuel 7.95 bar 10:01:13 EN 2 Station Compressors C1 - ASD 60 SFC C2 - ASD 35 C3 - ASD 60 C4 - ASD 60 Dryer Oil filter in 450h 3000h Air filter in 150h 3000h Oil separator in 33h 3000h ! ! Belt/coupling inspection in 66h 35000h ! Oil change in 112h 3000h ! Electric equipment in 277h 36000h Bearing lube in 527h 36000h Valves in 2500h 36000h Bearing change in 2527h 12000h Group maintenance in 7058h 8550h Estimated due date for next service measure: 25.12.2020 Status Messages Monitoring Energy & Costs Wartung Control Time Control D1 - TF 174 Initial Start-up D2 - TF 174 Confi guration Filter F1 - F184KE F2 - F184KE Maintenance - Overview Contact i Efficiency has a name: SIGMA AIR MANAGER 4.0 from KAESER Centralised controllers are now expected to do more than just optimise compressor operation in line with current demand. Efficiency is playing an ever-increasing role. The days of rigid rules are over. With clear and basic switching sequences, it is no longer possible to optimise energy efficiency while responding to constant fluctuations in compressed air demand. Any rule encoded in an algorithm limits the flexibility of the system controller and reduces the scope for action. The tracking and logging of past compressed air consumption patterns makes it possible to forecast future demand. Based on these demand projections, the set-up of the components themselves, and the accumulated knowledge on the equipment and system behaviour, the unique, simulation-based optimisation process can predictively identify the most efficient switching sequences. Be proactive – not reactive. Decisions are no longer dictated by a narrow pressure range. Now the decisive factor is how to achieve the lowest costs for the required compressed air output – while maintaining the required pressure level and staying within the maximum pressure setting (pressure margin). True to the motto: “More compressed air for less energy”. P-119ED.18/21
Editorial Hydrogen in the atmosphere Dear readers, If you were to look for the most common word in today’s tech magazines, it would be hydrogen. Green, blue, turquoise, grey, it doesn’t matter, everything has come into focus. But one aspect is always missing: hydrogen is a volatile gas that, once it reaches the free atmosphere, knows only one way, and that is upwards. However, what happens then? A discussion with atmospheric chemists and meteorologists led to the following conclusion: Of course, our planet also produces hydrogen. In total there are 0.5 ppm in our atmosphere, which means an average of 175 teragrammes/year production. About 70–90 teragrammes/year come from the earth’s surface and the other half comes from photo-oxidation in the atmosphere. But if this happens per year, then that means there is a continuous stream going up. If we now artificially add hydrogen, which can be achieved worldwide through leaks and accidental releases of a comparable magnitude, then this increases the lift and possibly also the speed and disturbs the previous “equilibrium”. I know that’s probably not twice as much in real terms. But we don’t know when an equilibrium will tip over here. Should we take the risk then? So we should ask ourselves what the hydrogen is doing “up there”. On the way it will react to the free ions like hydroxides and finally reach the stratosphere, where it will find an eager reacting partner, ozone. It will turn into water with the hydrogen and increasingly form cirrus clouds. At the same time, there are still stratospheric polar winds that generate mass transport in the polar direction and possibly further reduce the already reduced ozone there. Additional cirrus clouds could also create more shadows, thus counter acting the warming. Will the sun shine less often in our future, or will a process that has not yet been researched stabilise this situation? It should not be forgotten that hydrogen is one of the most important substances of life, next to carbon, and also the most important ingredient for the most important foodstuff, water. If all the energy in the world were generated with hydrogen (which of course would never be achieved), this would correspond almost exactly to the amount of water in Lake Constance. If we now only lose 10% of this hydrogen annually, then Lake Constance would be empty after 10 years. This is of course just an exaggerated example calculation, but it also shows that hydrogen is not only essential for industry, but also for the living nature of which we are a part. This is not to say that I am against hydrogen as a green alternative to fossil fuels. I just think hydrogen is valuable in a number of ways and so shouldn’t be wasted. So, make your systems as leak tight as possible and handle the hydrogen in such a way that it can always become water. So, when we talk about seals in this issue, it’s meant to be an impetus to consider the leak tightness of hydrogen systems. At the same time, plasticising metallic seals are the best choice for this purpose and LOHC is a permanent memory without loss. Kind regards, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Eberhard Schlücker PROCESS TECHNOLOGY & COMPONENTS 2022 5
